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OpenVPN Connect
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For SAML-based federated authentication, you must use the AWS provided client to connect to a Client VPN endpoint. For more information, see Connect using an AWS provided client or contact your VPN administrator.
As you bring more workloads on to AWS, you sometimes need to serve private content without publicly exposing services on the internet. For example, internal portals for employees typically need to be accessible only via a private network. A common solution is setting up a remote-access virtual private network (VPN), which enables users to directly connect their mobile device or laptop to a private network where corporate resources are hosted.
You might wonder why you should open port TCP/943. Sometimes, firewalls on public networks block everything except the most common ports, such as HTTP (TCP/80) and HTTPS (TCP/443). To enable OpenVPN to work well in that situation, by default the OpenVPN daemon listens on the TCP port 443 and can forward incoming web browser requests to a web service on port TCP 943 (since you cannot have both the web server and the OpenVPN server listening on the same port). Thanks to this OpenVPN protocol feature called port sharing, any incoming HTTPS connection on port 443 is automatically remapped to the actual web service running on port 943. At the same time, the OpenVPN daemon listening on port 443 can handle incoming tunnel connections, thus bypassing any existing firewall limitation.
To test my deployment, I prepared a web server on an EC2 instance running into a different private subnet belonging to the same VPC where the Access Server is running. I configured a new VPN user in the appliance user pool, and then I used an OpenVPN-compatible client app to establish a VPN connection so I can reach the test web page. For available connection options, see Commercial VPN Server Resources on the OpenVPN website. The Connecting view of that page provides details about clients for Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android, and Apple iOS as well as step-by-step instructions for installation and usage.
Now you can establish the VPN connection, which enables you to reach your private resources. The following image shows the success screen when I accessed my private subnet via an OpenVPN tunnel for my test website.
After all of this is configured, click the Add button and the connection will then be added. To bring up the connection, select the VPN connection to use and then click the Activate button, which will start the process of certificate negotiation. After the negotiation process is complete, the VPN Network should be available.
Over at Hack The Box, we use OpenVPN connections to create links between you and our labs and machines. You may be familiar with one of the many personal VPN services available to individuals, but our VPN serves an entirely different purpose.
In contrast, a VPN provided by a company or organization is typically used to allow individuals to access the company's internal network remotely. This type of VPN establishes a secure connection between a user's device and the company's network, allowing the individual to access internal resources as if they were physically connected to the network.
After selecting the appropriate VPN Server, the command mentioned below the button references what you need to run on your terminal to initialize the OpenVPN connection using the newly downloaded .ovpn file.
From the Server menu, you can select the actual VPN server you want to connect to. After this step, you should be able to download your .ovpn connection pack directly and proceed with engaging in attacks over the Boxes.
The button to the right of the Server selection menu is the Download button for your now newly generated .ovpn pack. Once clicked, it will initialize a download for your .ovpn pack, which you can use to start up the OpenVPN process on your Linux distro that will allow you to connect to the Boxes in our labs.
After running that command, my VPN connection gets listed under 'Settings -> Network -> VPN'. After editing the password, my VPN connection works. The VPN connection is also listed in top-panel menu that shows connections, power, users among other things.
To connect to a VPN service provided by a third party, most of the following can most likely be ignored, especially regarding server setup. Begin with #The client configuration profile and skip ahead to #Starting OpenVPN after that. One should use the provider certificates and instructions, see Category:VPN providers for examples that can be adapted to other providers. OpenVPN client in Linux Containers also has general applicable instructions, while it goes a step further by isolating an OpenVPN client process into a container.
When setting up an OpenVPN server, users need to create a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) which is detailed in the Easy-RSA article. Once the needed certificates, private keys, and associated files are created via following the steps in the separate article, one should have 5 files in /etc/openvpn/server at this point:
With the release of v2.4, server configurations are stored in /etc/openvpn/server and client configurations are stored in /etc/openvpn/client and each mode has its own respective systemd unit, namely, openvpn-client@.service and openvpn-server@.service.
One can have multiple, concurrent instances of OpenVPN running on the same box. Each server needs to be defined in /etc/openvpn/server/ as a separate .conf file. At a minimum, the parallel servers need to be running on different ports. A simple setup directs traffic connecting in to a separate IP pool. More advanced setups are beyond the scope of this guide.
Using the options user nobody and group nobody in the configuration file makes OpenVPN drop its root privileges after establishing the connection. The downside is that upon VPN disconnect the daemon is unable to delete its set network routes again. If one wants to limit transmitting traffic without the VPN connection, then lingering routes may be considered beneficial. It can also happen, however, that the OpenVPN server pushes updates to routes at runtime of the tunnel. A client with dropped privileges will be unable to perform the update and exit with an error.
Run openvpn /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf (as the root user) on the server, and openvpn /etc/openvpn/client/client.conf (as the root user) on the client. Example output should be similar to the following:
OpenVPN may be instructed to test the MTU every time on client connect. Be patient, since the client may not inform about the test being run and the connection may appear as nonfunctional until finished. The following will add about 3 minutes to OpenVPN start time. It is advisable to configure the fragment size unless a client will be connecting over many different networks and the bottle neck is not on the server side:
To troubleshoot a VPN connection, start the client's daemon manually with openvpn /etc/openvpn/client/client.conf as root. The server can be started the same way using its own configuration file (e.g., openvpn /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf).
To start the OpenVPN server automatically at system boot, enable openvpn-server@configuration.service on the applicable machine. For a client, enable openvpn-client@configuration.service instead. (Leave .conf out of the configuration string.)
For example, if the client configuration file is /etc/openvpn/client/client.conf, the service name is openvpn-client@client.service. Or, if the server configuration file is /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf, the service name is openvpn-server@server.service.
One might not always need to run a VPN tunnel and/or only want to establish it for a specific NetworkManager connection. This can be done by adding a script to /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/. In the following example "Provider" is the name of the NetworkManager connection:
In your desktop environment network settings (or nm-connection-editor). Click the plus sign to add a new connection and choose OpenVPN and manually enter the settings. You also can optionally import #The client configuration profile by selecting Import a saved VPN configuration... and selecting the appropriate file.
To achieve this, open nm-connection-editor and select a network connection (not the VPN), then head to the General section, tick Automatically connect to VPN and select the appropriate configuration in the dropdown menu.
Copy the UUID of the VPN Connection you want to connect automatically to (here, d46e4a92-778e-4792-b085-e1f638ecb8e3), then edit the primary connection (here the Ethernet one) to make it use the VPN:
To make the server push routes, append push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp ipv6" to the configuration file (i.e. /etc/openvpn/server/server.conf) [4] of the server. Note this is not a requirement and may even give performance issue:
This prevents all traffic through the default interface (enp3s0 for example) and only allows traffic through tun0.If the OpenVPN connection drops, the system will lose its internet access thereby preventing connections through the default network interface. 041b061a72